Submit your question to ICAP. Only confirmed registered users can submit a question. If you are not registered, click here to start. Submitted questions will be routed to ICAP Coordinators Edward K. L. Chan (echan@ufl.edu) and Luis E. C. Andrade (luis.andrade@unifesp.br). Simple questions will be answered within 24 hours. Complex questions will be routed to several ICAP members either for a consensus or to provide different viewpoints and it may take 72 hours to 2 weeks for an answer. Note that some questions/answers may be edited and may appear in the FAQ section. Please note that we do not offer clinical advice on individual patients as it is unethical for us to provide medical advice. Patient may consider referring his/her doctor to the website.
It is now feasible to include up to three IFA images in your question. If images are submitted, please indicate 1) how many images submitted with your question, 2) substrate used and manufacturer information, 3) serum dilution used for the images, and 4) if possible, indicate whether the pattern changes on serial dilution. Please note by submitting your images, there is an implied agreement for ICAP to include as part of a FAQ.
Tips to identify AC-4a pattern
Question: Any good tip to observe AC-4a pattern?
What is the magnification needed for assigning HEp-2 IFA patterns?
Question: Has ICAP made any clear statement about the magnification at which HEp-2 IFA staining patterns in should be evaluated before assigning a pattern?
Differences between multiple, mixed, and composite HEp-2 IFA patterns?
Question: Can you provide more information on how ICAP defines the differences between multiple patterns, mixed patterns, and composite patterns in HEp-2 IFA?
Cytoplasmic positive alone is ANA positive or negative? Hello, I would appreciate if you can share with me how to report cytoplasmic staining (without nuclear staining) as ANA positive or negative?
Ro/SS-A and La/SS-B negative in HEp-2 IFA. Can I get positive Ro and La with negative ANA IFA? How to explain if yes?