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| Previous Nomenclature | MSA-3, NSp-II |
| Description | Nuclear speckled pattern with striking variability in intensity with the strongest staining in G2 and weakest/negative staining in G1 of the cell cycle. The centromeres are positive only in prometaphase and metaphase cells, revealing multiple aligned small and faint dots. Prometaphase cells frequently show a weak staining of the nuclear envelope. During anaphase and telophase, some sera demonstrate intense staining of the mid-body and stem body between the daughter cells. The surrounding cytoplasm of the mitotic cells is diffusely stained. |
| Antigen Association | CENP-F (centromere protein F) |
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Clinical Relevance
First level information About Clinical Relevance & List of Abbreviations |
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▶ The majority of sera exhibiting the AC-14 pattern are from patients with a diversity of neoplastic conditions (breast, lung, colon, lymphoma, ovary, brain); the frequency of the AC-14 pattern in patient cohorts with these malignancies is paradoxically low (1-3) ▶ The AC-14 pattern is also seen in inflammatory conditions (Crohn’s disease, autoimmune liver disease, Sjögren’s disease, graft-versus-host disease); current information on clinical associations is based mainly on case reports and series of cases ▶ Specific immunoassays for CENP-F autoantibody are currently not commercially available (3-7) |
| Second level information |
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▶ Other nuclear pleomorphic patterns that are distinct from AC-14 should be reported as unclassified patterns (AC-XX) with an appropriate description |
| References |
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1. Le Joncour A, Charuel JL, Choquet S, Spano JP, Corvol JC, Fautrel B, et al. Diseases associated with anti-centromere protein F (anti-CENP-F) antibodies: Insights from a large cohort study. Joint bone spine. 2025;92(5):105885 2. Fritzler MJ, Rattner JB, Luft LM, Edworthy SM, Casiano CA, Peebles C, et al. Historical perspectives on the discovery and elucidation of autoantibodies to centromere proteins (CENP) and the emerging importance of antibodies to CENP-F. Autoimmunity reviews. 2011;10(4):194-200 3. Welner S, Trier NH, Frisch M, Locht H, Hansen PR, Houen G. Correlation between centromere protein-F autoantibodies and cancer analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular cancer. 2013;12(1):95 4. Casiano CA, Landberg G, Ochs RL, Tan EM. Autoantibodies to a novel cell cycle-regulated protein that accumulates in the nuclear matrix during S phase and is localized in the kinetochores and spindle midzone during mitosis. Journal of cell science. 1993;106 ( Pt 4)(Pt 4):1045-56 5. Casiano CA, Humbel RL, Peebles C, Covini G, Tan EM. Autoimmunity to the cell cycle-dependent centromere protein p330d/CENP-F in disorders associated with cell proliferation. Journal of autoimmunity. 1995;8(4):575-86 6. Rattner JB, Rees J, Whitehead CM, Casiano CA, Tan EM, Humbel RL, et al. High frequency of neoplasia in patients with autoantibodies to centromere protein CENP-F. Clinical and investigative medicine Medecine clinique et experimentale. 1997;20(5):308-19 7. Bencimon C, Salles G, Moreira A, Guyomard S, Coiffier B, Bienvenu J, et al. Prevalence of anticentromere F protein autoantibodies in 347 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2005;1050:319-26 |
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