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| Previous Nomenclature | None |
| Description | Discontinuous cytoplasmic coarse speckled or granular perinuclear ribbon-like staining with polar distribution (e.g., to one side of the nucleus) |
| Antigen Association | giantin/macrogolgin, golgin-95/GM130, golgin-160, golgin-97, golgin-245 |
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Clinical Relevance
First level information About Clinical Relevance & List of Abbreviations |
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▶ Found in small numbers of individuals with a variety of conditions. ▶ Specific immunoassays to detect autoantibodies directed to specific Golgi antigens are currently not commercially available [1]. |
| Second level information |
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▶ The AC-22 pattern has been reported in small numbers of patients with a variety of conditions, including Sjögren’s disease (SjD), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mixed connective tissue disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, adult Still’s disease, and viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus and Epstein-Barr virus [1-5]. ▶ Although possibly biased by the referral pattern, two studies concluded that the AC-22 pattern is not clinically associated with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases [3, 6]. In another study over half of the anti-Golgi positive cases had non-autoimmune diseases, but particularly had hepatic disorders [7]. ▶ The AC-22 pattern is rare in the general population [8]. |
| References |
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1. Stinton LM, Eystathioy T, Selak S, Chan EKL, Fritzler MJ. Autoantibodies to protein transport and messenger RNA processing pathways: endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi complex, proteasomes, assemblyosomes, exosomes, and GW bodies. Clin Immunol. 2004;110:30-44. 2. Fritzler MJ, Etherington J, Sokoluk C, Kinsella TD, Valencia DW. Antibodies from patients with autoimmune disease react with a cytoplasmic antigen in the Golgi apparatus. J Immunol. 1984;132:2904-8. 3. Vermeersch P, Van den Bergh K, Blockmans D, Westhovens R, Bossuyt X. Anti-Golgi autoantibodies are not clinically associated with systemic autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:234-5. 4. Staub HL, Souza F, Chan EKL, von Muhlen CA. Anti-Golgi antibodies in adult Still's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003;21:275-6. 5. Zhai J, Liao J, Wang M, Huang Z, Hu J, Xu H, Xie Q, Ma B, et al. Anti-Golgi Antibody as a Potential Indicator for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Lab Med. 2022;53:156-60. 6. Lee AYS, Culican S, Campbell D, Lin MW. Clinical associations of serum Golgi apparatus antibodies in an immunology laboratory cohort. Scand J Immunol. 2022;95:e13133. 7. Hong HS, Chung WH, Hung SI, Chen MJ, Lee SH, Yang LC. Clinical association of anti-golgi autoantibodies and their autoantigens. Scand J Immunol. 2004;59:79-87. 8. Satoh M, Chan EKL, Ho LA, Rose KM, Parks CG, Cohn RD, Jusko TA, Walker NJ, et al. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibodies in the United States. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:2319-27. |
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